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Book review. Beyond survival. Protecting households from health shocks in Latina America, by Baeza, Cristian C., y Truman G. Packard
The book by Cristian Baeza and Truman Packard is based on the next hypothesis: adverse health events reduce the consumption of goods and services different from health services, and many households become poor because of that. While the authors recognize that the evidence they present on the topic is limited, they propose the use of a “universal risk pool” as a way to eliminate the problem of...
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Financing universal enrollment to social health insurance: lessons learned from Colombia
The paper discusses the financing of the health care reform implemented in Colombia since the early nineties and explains the obstacles faced on the way to universal enrollment to social health insurance. The paper describes the reform and the sources created for its financing. It presents the observed trends in the financing of the insurance schemes created by the reform, identifies the...
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Understanding ten years of stagnation in Costa Rica's drive for universal coverage
This study analyzes achievements and obstacles in the process of moving towards universal coverage of essential health care services in Costa Rica. It describes the country as exemplary in the region, both in terms of population health status as well as health financing indicators. Life expectancy and the level of pre-payment are both comparable to high income countries. However, the process that...
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The emerging paradigm in heatlh care policy: the case of Canada
The model of health care financing and delivery for which Canada is best known internationally is its universal, single-payer, first-dollar system of coverage for physician and hospital services. For several decades following its establishment in the late 1950's and 1960's, this model provided public finance from the general tax base (like the UK), at levels of generosity, relative to GDP, like...
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Introduction (on the subject that is addressed in the issue number)
In this issue of Well-being and Social Policy we have tried to include articles that support the debate around social insurance in health. This is an issue in which simple answers are hardly ever found, and a long term effort is required to understand the idiosyncrasy of each country and the best mix of regulation and financing options. Additionally, the studied cases point out to the need of a...
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Book review. Public policy for an inclusive growth, edited by Pablo Cotler
The book “Public Policy for an Inclusive Growth” (The book) is an opportune and fortunate document. It is opportune because it is presented at a time in which public policy topics are subject to a wide debate in Mexico, and the discussion is fed with diverse points of view, theoretical and political, from which it is the purpose to analyze, design, redesign, implement, and evaluate the government...
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Retirement incentives: pension wealth, accrual and implicit tax
This paper estimates social security financial incentives for early retirement using contemporary techniques developed in economics, and compares these estimates to those estimated for developed countries. I find that implicit tax on continued work increases with age and amounts to over one-third of an individual potential earnings at age sixty-five. The pension replacement rate shows the degree...
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Scale economies in the pension fund managers industry in Mexico: a semi parametric approach
It has been widely accepted that reforms on pension schemes have led to improvements in the financial viability of the systems. Nevertheless, at the same time it has been shown that fees charged by pension fund managers (PFM) are very high, implying high mark-ups for them and lower expected pensions for the participants. The presence of economies of scale has been suggested as one main reason for...
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Is age-grade distortion in Brazil's primary public education system more closely associated to school infrastructure or to family characteristics
Different economic studies have shown the importance of education in improving the quality of life of individuals. Thus, in the 90’s, the public education system was reformed to enhance the quality of public education in Brazil and motivate student interest. This paper participated in this discussion by suggesting an assessment of the impact that school infrastructure and family characteristics...
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Crime and labor market, choice under uncertainty model and an application for colombian cities
Este trabajo ofrece un modelo para determinar la función de oferta del crimen con base en la teoría de la elección en condiciones de incertidumbre. Con base en el problema de un agente que maximiza su utilidad sujeto a las restricciones del mercado legal e ilegal, este estudio intenta explicar la oferta de la delincuencia como función de la distribución de los salarios y el equivalente cierto de...
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Book review. The economics of crime: lessons for and from Latina America, by Rafael Di Tella, Sebastian Edwards, and Ernesto Schargrodsky
The Economics of Crime: Lessons for and from Latin America makes an important contribution to the study of crime and violence in Latin America and to the debate about what works for reducing crime (and at what cost?). As the title of the book correctly suggests, the book brings together contributions from Latin American economists on the determinants and consequences of crime, as well as...
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Diversity and equity: Review to indigenous peoples, poverty and human development in Latina America: 1994-2004, edited by Gillete Hall and Harry A. Patrinos
The evolution of specific welfare-related indicators for these indigenous populations during the last decade is the theme of this important book. The study declares to have four guiding questions,
to wit:
1. Have income poverty rates increased or decreased among Indigenous Peoples over the past decade, and what are the main determinants of observed trends?, How does this evolution compare to...
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Social capital in labor market access and poverty in Mexico
Social capital, defined as the set of social networks that a person has in order to obtain benefits, is used by the population as a mechanism for providing resources, to cushion shocks in consumption and to obtain information on available employment opportunities. This study employs a logistic model to characterize the manner in which people access the labor market in Mexico through the use of...
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Response of social security systems to the covid-19 pandemic in the Americas, assessment of the first year of the emergency: the case of Trinidad and Tobago
This paper analyzes the response of Trinidad and Tobago and the actions taken by its social security systems to face the covid-19 pandemic during the first year of pandemic. The approach consists of two phases. Firstly, literature and public statistics were collected and analyzed. Secondly, meetings and information requests were conducted with public officials to provide additional information...
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Informe de seguridad social y bienestar en las Américas 2020. Versión abreviada
Esta información permitirá formular recomendaciones de política pública que promuevan una seguridad social universal, de calidad y orientada al bienestar en las Américas, como parte de los esfuerzos basados en la cooperación internacional para garantizar el acceso a este derecho humano. Antes de comenzar, debe decirse que el ISSBA no se publica en un momento cualquiera, sino en medio de una de...
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XIX Assembléia Geral. Confêrencia Interamericana de Seguridade Social - CISS. "For a social security with quality and without excluded ones"
Guía de información sobre la XIX Asamblea General de la Conferencia Interamericana de Seguridad Social que incluye información general para los participantes así como el programa de actividades que tuvo lugar en Fortaleza, Brasil del 26 al 30 de noviembre de 2001.
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Conferencia Interamericana de Seguridad Social
Folleto conmemorativo de los 75 años de la Conferencia Interamericana de Seguridad Social en el que se presenta una semblanza del organismo, su estructura y su membresía.
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Efectos redistributivos del Programa Nacional de Financiamiento al Microempresario y a la Mujer Rural en México Un estudio con enfoque de género
Se cuantifican los efectos del Programa Nacional de Financiamiento al Microempresarioy a la Mujer Rural (Pronafim) en la generación y redistribución del ingreso en México con perspectiva de género. Para ello, se formula el modelo de multiplicadores contables que recoge endógenamente las relaciones ingreso-gasto entre: 31 sectores económicos; dos tipos de hogares, los encabezados por hombres y...
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Migración laboral: retos y oportunidades para la protección social
La migración internacional se ha establecido como un fenómeno normal en las sociedades contemporáneas, pero se mantiene una gran deficiencia en la cobertura de la seguridad social hacia los migrantes internacionales. Las cifras de flujos anuales de migración se han estabilizado después de la disminución que ocurrió a partir de la recesión económica de 2007-2009, y hay un acervo grande de familias...
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Seguridad social en América Latina: evolución, reformas recientes y perspectivas
El presente documento brinda un análisis general de los modelos de aseguramiento social en sentido amplio y, posteriormente, se concentra específicamente en los sistemas de aseguramiento social en salud. Discute la relación entre resultados de cobertura, niveles de gasto, riqueza y distribución, la organización de los sistemas sanitarios y de pensiones, y el desarrollo de mecanismos no...
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