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Book review. Public policy for an inclusive growth, edited by Pablo Cotler
The book “Public Policy for an Inclusive Growth” (The book) is an opportune and fortunate document. It is opportune because it is presented at a time in which public policy topics are subject to a wide debate in Mexico, and the discussion is fed with diverse points of view, theoretical and political, from which it is the purpose to analyze, design, redesign, implement, and evaluate the government...
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Retirement incentives: pension wealth, accrual and implicit tax
This paper estimates social security financial incentives for early retirement using contemporary techniques developed in economics, and compares these estimates to those estimated for developed countries. I find that implicit tax on continued work increases with age and amounts to over one-third of an individual potential earnings at age sixty-five. The pension replacement rate shows the degree...
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Scale economies in the pension fund managers industry in Mexico: a semi parametric approach
It has been widely accepted that reforms on pension schemes have led to improvements in the financial viability of the systems. Nevertheless, at the same time it has been shown that fees charged by pension fund managers (PFM) are very high, implying high mark-ups for them and lower expected pensions for the participants. The presence of economies of scale has been suggested as one main reason for...
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Is age-grade distortion in Brazil's primary public education system more closely associated to school infrastructure or to family characteristics
Different economic studies have shown the importance of education in improving the quality of life of individuals. Thus, in the 90’s, the public education system was reformed to enhance the quality of public education in Brazil and motivate student interest. This paper participated in this discussion by suggesting an assessment of the impact that school infrastructure and family characteristics...
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Economic polarisation and gobernality in México
The purpose of this essay is to appraise alternative hypothesis about the origins of recent social revolt in Mexico. It shows that it is not clear that a severe rise in poverty preceded the origins of violent conflict but social polarisation. Therefore, government attempts to deactivate the economic factors that led to social unrest did not necessarily upgrade povertyreduction policies. The...
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Diversity and equity: Review to indigenous peoples, poverty and human development in Latina America: 1994-2004, edited by Gillete Hall and Harry A. Patrinos
The evolution of specific welfare-related indicators for these indigenous populations during the last decade is the theme of this important book. The study declares to have four guiding questions,
to wit:
1. Have income poverty rates increased or decreased among Indigenous Peoples over the past decade, and what are the main determinants of observed trends?, How does this evolution compare to...
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Academic performance of public university students in Argentina
Designing educational policies under limited budgets requires a thorough analysis of the impact of alternative factors on student performance. This work aims at providing an analysis of the relationship between university performance and its explanatory factors. The analysis Will focus on the Argentinean case, using the 1994 Census of Students in National Universities, which includes data on all...
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Assessing Argentina's preparedness for the knowledge economy: measuring student knowledge and skills in reading, mathematical and scientific literacy with evidence from PISA 2000
The results of 2000 study of the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) show that while Argentinean students performed similar to their peers in most other Latin American countries, they lagged behind all OECD and most of other participating countries. Attention needs to be given to further master the reading, math and science skills that are needed for a knowledge economy; and...
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Conflict and power: the teachers' union and education quality in Mexico
The teachers union in Mexico, or Sindicato Nacional de Trabajadores de la Educación (SNTE) represents over 1 million members and is the largest in Latin America. This study uses data from the national student tests administered by the Instituto Nacional para la Evaluación de la Educación (INEE), along with data from the Mexican Ministry of Education and other sources, to investigate the...
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Impact of school quality on child labor and school attendance: the case of the CONAFE compensatory education program in Mexico
This paper focuses on the impact that two different types of policy interventions, namely enhancing school quality and contingent cash transfers, have on child labor and school attendance in Mexico. While there are many studies on the impact of Oportunidades on schooling outcomes, little evidence is available on whether school quality programs such as CONAFE also reduce child labor and help keep...
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Introduction (about the internatinal conference on "The quality of education in Latin America and the Caribbean")
The Inter-American Conference on Social Security (CISS) and Universidad Iberoamericana (UIA) co-hosted an international conference on "The Quality of Education in Latin America and the Caribbean" in February 2007. The conference examined the quality of education in the region, the determinants of learning, policy and program evaluation, and the impact of quality of education on the labor market....
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Effect of natural disasters on poverty transitions and consumption growth. Evidence for rural Peru
Natural hazards, an increasingly important phenomenon, have a direct impact at regional and household level. The growing incidence and persistence of natural events are strongly linked to increasing vulnerability of households and communities in developing countries. Previous socioeconomic vulnerabilities may exacerbate the impact of a specific event, making more difficult the process of...
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Mainstreaming natural disaster risk management into social protection policies (and vice versa) in Latina America and the Caribbean
This paper presents and applies the social risk management (SRM) conceptual framework to examine links between disaster risk, hazards, vulnerability, risk management, and social protection (SP). The paper makes the case that it is important to mainstream social protection policies into the disaster risk management (DRM) agenda and, vice versa as a means to improve household and community...
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"La Nocturna": study of educational choice in Colombia
This study uses data from Colombia’s 2003 Encuesta de Calidad de Vida to examine how well do electricity strata (proxy for socioeconomic status) explain the choice decision for type of institution and session attended. In the model of choice by type – private vs. public universities – I find that as the electricity strata increases, the marginal probability of enrolling in a public university...
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MSMES in Costa Rica: Chronicle of their poor integration in times of accelerated international integration
El presente documento, está centrado en las Mipyme y en las políticas públicas para su fomento en la economía costarricense. El análisis, se hace a partir de un enfoque alternativo de clasificación de las actividades económicas, el cual permite precisar con mayor detalle las desigualdades entre las actividades tradicionales de amplia trayectoria en la economía, de aquellas actividades que han...
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Migración laboral: retos y oportunidades para la protección social
La migración internacional se ha establecido como un fenómeno normal en las sociedades contemporáneas, pero se mantiene una gran deficiencia en la cobertura de la seguridad social hacia los migrantes internacionales. Las cifras de flujos anuales de migración se han estabilizado después de la disminución que ocurrió a partir de la recesión económica de 2007-2009, y hay un acervo grande de familias...
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Seguridad social en América Latina: evolución, reformas recientes y perspectivas
El presente documento brinda un análisis general de los modelos de aseguramiento social en sentido amplio y, posteriormente, se concentra específicamente en los sistemas de aseguramiento social en salud. Discute la relación entre resultados de cobertura, niveles de gasto, riqueza y distribución, la organización de los sistemas sanitarios y de pensiones, y el desarrollo de mecanismos no...
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El perfilado de riesgo de potenciales diabéticos en el IMSS Un enfoque de regresión logística
La salud pública moderna depende cada vez más de la acción preventiva en vez de la correctiva. Esto se debe al hecho de que la atención preventiva ha resultado más efectiva en términos de gasto, además de que es más deseable puesto que tiene el potencial de reducir el periodo de recuperación y los costos de tratamiento; asimismo, otorga mejores condiciones de vida para los pacientes mientras...
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Análisis sobre la política pública en México para personas adultas mayores desde el enfoque de los derechos humanos
Este artículo es un resumen de una investigación mucho más amplia realizada en torno a las políticas públicas para personas mayores en México, a través de un análisis sobre su contenido de derechos humanos y la efectividad que éstas tienen para con la población objetivo, titulada Análisis sobre la política pública en México para personas adultas mayores desde el enfoque de los derechos humanos, y...
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Maternidad y mercados laborales: el impacto de la legislación en Colombia
Este estudio busca determinar el impacto de la modificación de la Ley 1468 de 2011 sobre el sector laboral de las mujeres, norma que amplió la licencia por maternidad incluida en el Código Sustantivo del Trabajo en Colombia. Para identificar este impacto, comparamos los resultados laborales de dos grupos de mujeres con distintas tasas de fertilidad. El estudio encontró evidencia de que la...
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