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- Aguilera, Nelly (6)
- Durán, Luis (5)
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- Hernández Sánchez, José Antonio (1)
- Martínez, Gabriel (3)
- Meléndez, Jorge (1)
- Palmero Zilveti, Olga (2)
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Diversity and equity: Review to indigenous peoples, poverty and human development in Latina America: 1994-2004, edited by Gillete Hall and Harry A. Patrinos
The evolution of specific welfare-related indicators for these indigenous populations during the last decade is the theme of this important book. The study declares to have four guiding questions,
to wit:
1. Have income poverty rates increased or decreased among Indigenous Peoples over the past decade, and what are the main determinants of observed trends?, How does this evolution compare to...
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An investigation into the cost of universal health coverage in Mexico
The Mexican social security system, after operating for over six decades, has managed to provide healthcare for slightly over half the resident population.
There are wide geographical and socioeconomic variations in coverage. To provide wider coverage, the Federal Government created the Sistema de Protección Social en Salud (SPSS) for covering low income family. It becomes the third...
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Financing universal enrollment to social health insurance: lessons learned from Colombia
The paper discusses the financing of the health care reform implemented in Colombia since the early nineties and explains the obstacles faced on the way to universal enrollment to social health insurance. The paper describes the reform and the sources created for its financing. It presents the observed trends in the financing of the insurance schemes created by the reform, identifies the...
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Understanding ten years of stagnation in Costa Rica's drive for universal coverage
This study analyzes achievements and obstacles in the process of moving towards universal coverage of essential health care services in Costa Rica. It describes the country as exemplary in the region, both in terms of population health status as well as health financing indicators. Life expectancy and the level of pre-payment are both comparable to high income countries. However, the process that...
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The emerging paradigm in heatlh care policy: the case of Canada
The model of health care financing and delivery for which Canada is best known internationally is its universal, single-payer, first-dollar system of coverage for physician and hospital services. For several decades following its establishment in the late 1950's and 1960's, this model provided public finance from the general tax base (like the UK), at levels of generosity, relative to GDP, like...
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Introduction (on the subject that is addressed in the issue number)
In this issue of Well-being and Social Policy we have tried to include articles that support the debate around social insurance in health. This is an issue in which simple answers are hardly ever found, and a long term effort is required to understand the idiosyncrasy of each country and the best mix of regulation and financing options. Additionally, the studied cases point out to the need of a...
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Book review. Public policy for an inclusive growth, edited by Pablo Cotler
The book “Public Policy for an Inclusive Growth” (The book) is an opportune and fortunate document. It is opportune because it is presented at a time in which public policy topics are subject to a wide debate in Mexico, and the discussion is fed with diverse points of view, theoretical and political, from which it is the purpose to analyze, design, redesign, implement, and evaluate the government...
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Retirement incentives: pension wealth, accrual and implicit tax
This paper estimates social security financial incentives for early retirement using contemporary techniques developed in economics, and compares these estimates to those estimated for developed countries. I find that implicit tax on continued work increases with age and amounts to over one-third of an individual potential earnings at age sixty-five. The pension replacement rate shows the degree...
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Scale economies in the pension fund managers industry in Mexico: a semi parametric approach
It has been widely accepted that reforms on pension schemes have led to improvements in the financial viability of the systems. Nevertheless, at the same time it has been shown that fees charged by pension fund managers (PFM) are very high, implying high mark-ups for them and lower expected pensions for the participants. The presence of economies of scale has been suggested as one main reason for...
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Is age-grade distortion in Brazil's primary public education system more closely associated to school infrastructure or to family characteristics
Different economic studies have shown the importance of education in improving the quality of life of individuals. Thus, in the 90’s, the public education system was reformed to enhance the quality of public education in Brazil and motivate student interest. This paper participated in this discussion by suggesting an assessment of the impact that school infrastructure and family characteristics...
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Economic polarisation and gobernality in México
The purpose of this essay is to appraise alternative hypothesis about the origins of recent social revolt in Mexico. It shows that it is not clear that a severe rise in poverty preceded the origins of violent conflict but social polarisation. Therefore, government attempts to deactivate the economic factors that led to social unrest did not necessarily upgrade povertyreduction policies. The...
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Democracy and universality: debating the conditions of applying such concepts to Brazil's public health actions and services
This paper reviews the determinants and conditionalities of the process of universalizing public health in developed countries, notably the European ones, and in Brazil, and is aimed at highlighting their differences. The first part discloses the main interpretations on the constructing of the Welfare State, emphasizing the characteristics of that historical moment and its articulation with...
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Family health expanditure and demand: an analysis based on the consumer expenditure survey - POF - 2002/2003
This paper aims at analyzing healthcare expenditure and demand of families, by estimating income-elasticity and price-elasticity for ten groups of products using the so-called model Linear Almost Ideal Demand System (LAIDS). The 2002/03 consumer expenditure surveys (POF) of the Fundação Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística – FIBGE (Brazilian census bureau) are used, providing extremely...
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Hacia el cierre de la brecha en la evaluación: lecciones sobre tres recientes evaluaciones de impacto de programas sociales en América Latina y el Caribe
A pesar de la reciente demanda creciente por parte de financiadores y gobiernos, las evaluaciones de impacto rigurosas en América Latina y el Caribe siguen siendo la excepción más que la regla. Muchas evaluaciones de impacto solicitadas son débiles desde el punto de vista metodológico, y por lo tanto, sólo útiles marginalmente en la evaluación de impacto de intervenciones sociales. Otras...
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Crimen y mercado laboral, un modelo de elección en condiciones de incertidumbre y una aplicación para ciudades de Colombia
Este trabajo ofrece un modelo para determinar la función de oferta del crimen con base en la teoría de la elección en condiciones de incertidumbre. Con base en el problema de un agente que maximiza su utilidad sujeto a las restricciones del mercado legal e ilegal, este estudio intenta explicar la oferta de la delincuencia como función de la distribución de los salarios y el equivalente cierto de...
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Las pensiones de la seguridad social y las decisiones de retiro en México
Con información por cohorte para el periodo 1991-2000, este artículo estudia la relación que existe entre la decisión de retirarse —la transición de la actividad a la inactividad laboral— y las pensiones (contributivas) de la seguridad social, en países menos desarrollados. La extensa serie de datos disponible permite también analizar la forma en la cual la crisis financiera de 1995 afecta los...
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Beneficios prometidos y reales de la seguridad social en México para la generación en transición
Este artículo presenta un conjunto de mediciones de los costos y beneficios reales del plan general de retiro por jubilación proporcionado a los ciudadanos por parte del Sistema Mexicano de Pensiones (SMP), que son necesarias para evaluar las decisiones de los trabajadores en cuanto a la contribución a la seguridad social (es decir, trabajar en el sector formal) y al retiro. El SMP ofrece dos...
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Reseña del informe sobre la salud en el mundo 2010. La financiación de los sistemas de salud
El documento presentado por la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) en Febrero de 2011 expone una serie de propuestas para motivar a los países miembros a lograr la cobertura universal en salud. Estas propuestas se presentan de manera extensa y basándose tanto en estadísticas mundiales como en estudios de caso.
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Una sencilla ficha de evaluación de la pobreza para México
En este estudio se utiliza la Encuesta Nacional de Ingresos y Gastos de los Hogares de 2008 de México para crear una ficha de evaluación por puntaje que es fácil de usar y por medio de la cual se estima la probabilidad de que un hogar tenga un ingreso por debajo de una línea de pobreza dada. En la ficha se usan diez indicadores simples que los agentes de campo pueden recolectar y verificar...
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Análisis de la factibilidad de construir un sistema integrado de salud: implicaciones financieras y distributivas
El documento muestra proyecciones de gasto y de incidencia distributiva de un Sistema Integrado de Salud en tres escenarios básicos: status quo, un esquema de dos pilares (financiamiento de impuestos generales y gasto privado) y en un escenario de tres pilares (financiamiento de impuestos generales, seguridad social y gasto privado). El estudio, al presentar estas simulaciones, permite enriquecer...
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