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La transparencia del precio de medicamentos como mecanismo efectivo para contrarrestar la captura del Estado en políticas de sanidad
El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo fundamentar la importancia de la utilización de la transparencia en el precio de medicamentos dentro de las políticas públicas de sanidad en Latinoamericana. A partir del método de estudios de casos se realizó un análisis de este fenómeno en tres países de la región, tomando como referencia el caso de las vacunas contra la COVID-19 (Brasil, Costa Rica y...
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La construcción de una agenda de prevención de riesgos laborales en las Américas.
La idea central de la presente publicación es dar cuenta de la cooperación regional en materia de salud y seguridad en el trabajo, y trazar una línea de tiempo con los hitos de prevención de riesgos laborales en el ámbito internacional, regional y local.
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Los mínimos garantizados en el sistema previsional mixto uruguayo
La reforma previsional uruguaya pasó de un sistema de pilar único a uno mixto de dos pilares. El primer pilar, es un régimen de solidaridad intergeneracional, de prestaciones definidas; y el segundo pilar, de ahorro individual obligatorio, es de aportación definida.
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Conmemoración del Cuadragésimo Aniversario del CIESS
Evento que convocó a más de trescientos asistentes procedentes, entre otras organizaciones, de los distintos órganos de la CISS e instituciones de seguridad social de diversos países de América afiliadas a ésta, organismos internacionales, universidades y otros centros de enseñanza superior de México, funcionarios del cuerpo diplomático, representantes de Secretarías de Estado, del Instituto...
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Economic polarisation and gobernality in México
The purpose of this essay is to appraise alternative hypothesis about the origins of recent social revolt in Mexico. It shows that it is not clear that a severe rise in poverty preceded the origins of violent conflict but social polarisation. Therefore, government attempts to deactivate the economic factors that led to social unrest did not necessarily upgrade povertyreduction policies. The...
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Is age-grade distortion in Brazil's primary public education system more closely associated to school infrastructure or to family characteristics
Different economic studies have shown the importance of education in improving the quality of life of individuals. Thus, in the 90’s, the public education system was reformed to enhance the quality of public education in Brazil and motivate student interest. This paper participated in this discussion by suggesting an assessment of the impact that school infrastructure and family characteristics...
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Scale economies in the pension fund managers industry in Mexico: a semi parametric approach
It has been widely accepted that reforms on pension schemes have led to improvements in the financial viability of the systems. Nevertheless, at the same time it has been shown that fees charged by pension fund managers (PFM) are very high, implying high mark-ups for them and lower expected pensions for the participants. The presence of economies of scale has been suggested as one main reason for...
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Pension reform in small emerging economies: Issues and challenges
By 2025, nearly 15 percent of the world population is expected to be over 60 years of age. With increasing life expectancy the population of developing countries is aging much faster than that of industrial countries. It is expected that in 2030, approximately 80 percent of the total elderly population will reside in developing countries. A more relevant measure of the sustainability of old-age...
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Toward closing the evaluation gap: lessons from three recent impact evaluations of social programs in Latin America and the Caribbean
Despite recent growing demand from funders and governments, rigorous impact evaluations in Latin America and the Caribbean remain the exception rather than the rule. Many commissioned impact evaluations are methodologically weak, and thus only marginally useful in assessing the impact of social interventions. Other impact evaluations feature strong research methodologies at their conception, but...
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Retirement incentives: pension wealth, accrual and implicit tax
This paper estimates social security financial incentives for early retirement using contemporary techniques developed in economics, and compares these estimates to those estimated for developed countries. I find that implicit tax on continued work increases with age and amounts to over one-third of an individual potential earnings at age sixty-five. The pension replacement rate shows the degree...
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Book review. Public policy for an inclusive growth, edited by Pablo Cotler
The book “Public Policy for an Inclusive Growth” (The book) is an opportune and fortunate document. It is opportune because it is presented at a time in which public policy topics are subject to a wide debate in Mexico, and the discussion is fed with diverse points of view, theoretical and political, from which it is the purpose to analyze, design, redesign, implement, and evaluate the government...
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Introduction (on the subject that is addressed in the issue number)
In this issue of Well-being and Social Policy we have tried to include articles that support the debate around social insurance in health. This is an issue in which simple answers are hardly ever found, and a long term effort is required to understand the idiosyncrasy of each country and the best mix of regulation and financing options. Additionally, the studied cases point out to the need of a...
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Importancia de Salvador Allende Gossens en la organización de la Primera Conferencia Interamericana de Seguridad Social
Salvador Allende Gossens, único médico que ha sido Presidente de Chile, fue un ferviente favorecedor de la seguridad social y la medicina social. Allende nació en la ciudad portuaria de Valparaíso el 26 de junio de 1908, murió en 1973. Cuando tenía 30 años de edad fue nombrado Ministro de Salubridad, Previsión y Asistencia Social; en 1970 fue electo Presidente de Chile. Su padre fue Salvador...
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Understanding ten years of stagnation in Costa Rica's drive for universal coverage
This study analyzes achievements and obstacles in the process of moving towards universal coverage of essential health care services in Costa Rica. It describes the country as exemplary in the region, both in terms of population health status as well as health financing indicators. Life expectancy and the level of pre-payment are both comparable to high income countries. However, the process that...
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Financing universal enrollment to social health insurance: lessons learned from Colombia
The paper discusses the financing of the health care reform implemented in Colombia since the early nineties and explains the obstacles faced on the way to universal enrollment to social health insurance. The paper describes the reform and the sources created for its financing. It presents the observed trends in the financing of the insurance schemes created by the reform, identifies the...
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An investigation into the cost of universal health coverage in Mexico
The Mexican social security system, after operating for over six decades, has managed to provide healthcare for slightly over half the resident population.
There are wide geographical and socioeconomic variations in coverage. To provide wider coverage, the Federal Government created the Sistema de Protección Social en Salud (SPSS) for covering low income family. It becomes the third...
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Financial development and the distribution of income in Latina America and the Caribbean
One of the central concerns in Latin America an the Caribbean (LAC) has been the reduction of poverty and inequality so prevalent in the continent. Using large world samples, the literature has found that financial development increases economic growth, increases the income of the poor, and reduces inequality. This paper studies the effects of financial development on the whole distribution of...
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Are loan guarantees effective? The case of mexican government banks
Mexican Government’s Banks offer loan guarantees to private banks in order to spur credit directed to non-financial small and medium sized firms and this policy is examined here. Application of representative data to the comparative static analysis of the guarantee-use decision suggests that these schemes, as currently designed, are justifiable from an economic viewpoint. However, there is some...
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Palabras del Dr. Luis José Martínez Villalba, director del Centro Interamericano de Estudios de Seguridad Social
Discurso del director del CIESS, con motivo al Cuadragésimo aniversario del Centro.
Speech by Director of CIESS, during the Fortieth anniversary of the Centre.
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El proceso de reformas en Brasil: reformulación del seguro: principales puntos aprobados en la Cámara de Diputados
Texto de la Reformulación del Seguro fue encaminado al Senado Federal en finales del mes de agosto, incorporando las modificaciones aprobadas en la Cámara de los Diputados, después de cuatro meses de intensas discusiones y de gran interés por parte de la población.
El presente artículo consolida los principales puntos del texto de la Reformulación del Seguro Social aprobados en la Cámara de...
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