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Conflicto y poder: el sindicato de maestros y la calidad educativa en México
El Sindicato Nacional de Trabajadores de la Educación (SNTE) representa a más de 1 millón de agremiados y es el sindicato más grande de América Latina. Este estudio utiliza datos de las pruebas nacionales aplicadas por el Instituto Nacional para la Evaluación de la Educación (INEE) así como información generada por la Secretaría de Educación Pública y otras fuentes para analizar la relación que...
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Introduction (On the issues addressed by this issue of the journal)
Micro and small-sized enterprises (MSE) have a central role in economic development in Latin America given their large contribution to employment generation, their share in the total number of firms and, to a lesser extent, their contribution to gross domestic product. Yet, their production is mainly oriented to the domestic market and they are characterized by an increasing productivity gap with...
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Efectos de la calidad escolar en el trabajo infantil y en la asistencia escolar: el caso del programa de educación compensatoria de CONAFE en México
Este documento se concentra en el efecto que tienen dos diferentes tipos de intervenciones de las políticas públicas, a saber, el mejoramiento de la calidad escolar y las transferencias de dinero condicionadas, en el trabajo infantil y en la asistencia escolar en México. Aunque existen un gran número de estudios sobre el efecto que tiene Oportunidades en los resultados educativos, existe poca...
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Introducción (sobre la conferencia internacional La calidad de la educación en América Latina y el Caribe)
La Conferencia Interamericana de Seguridad Social (CISS) y la Universidad Iberoamericana (UIA), organizaron de manera conjunta la conferencia internacional “La Calidad de la Educación en América Latina y el Caribe” en febrero de 2007. En la conferencia se analizó la calidad de la educación en la región, los factores determinantes del aprendizaje, la evaluación de programas y políticas, y el...
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An investigation into the cost of universal health coverage in Mexico
The Mexican social security system, after operating for over six decades, has managed to provide healthcare for slightly over half the resident population.
There are wide geographical and socioeconomic variations in coverage. To provide wider coverage, the Federal Government created the Sistema de Protección Social en Salud (SPSS) for covering low income family. It becomes the third...
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Socio-economic determinants and inequalities in childhood malnutrition in Sri Lanka
Despite countless initiatives to alleviate malnutrition over the years, it affects hundreds of thousands of children in Sri Lanka. Understanding the determinants of malnutrition and their contribution to socio-economic inequality in malnutrition is essential in targeting specific socio-economic groups to improve their nutrition levels. This study attempts to identify the socio-economic...
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Infantil mortality inequities in Colombia: Progress and challenges after major responsability measures from local authorities
This paper aims to analyse the space and time distribution of the infant mortality rate (IMR) at municipality level in Colombia before and after conferring greater responsibilities to the municipalities for the administration of the local health care systems. Using special econometrics, we find that there is a geographical concentration of IMR persisting over time and defining two groups of...
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Book review. The economics of crime: lessons for and from Latina America, by Rafael Di Tella, Sebastian Edwards, and Ernesto Schargrodsky
The Economics of Crime: Lessons for and from Latin America makes an important contribution to the study of crime and violence in Latin America and to the debate about what works for reducing crime (and at what cost?). As the title of the book correctly suggests, the book brings together contributions from Latin American economists on the determinants and consequences of crime, as well as...
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Employability and productivity among older workers: a policy frameworks and evidence from Latin America
As Latin American and the Caribbean countries face rapid aging transitions, the economic contribution of older workers would need to be strengthened. This paper uses household data from Brazil and Mexico to characterize labor market behavior of older workers, such as participation, sector and type of employment, and productivity, to identify critical areas for policy intervention. The paper also...
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Social capital in labor market access and poverty in Mexico
Social capital, defined as the set of social networks that a person has in order to obtain benefits, is used by the population as a mechanism for providing resources, to cushion shocks in consumption and to obtain information on available employment opportunities. This study employs a logistic model to characterize the manner in which people access the labor market in Mexico through the use of...
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The effect of the perception of violence on social capital in Mexico
Increasing levels of violence in Mexico, which have the potential to damage the very fabric of 1 society, as well as impact key economic variables, led us to analyze the effect that changes in the perception of violence had on social capital fluctuations (including associative capital) between 2006 and 2011. This was a period in which an anti-violence and anti-organized crime policy was launched...
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Organizations and social capital
An organization is a group of persons who satisfy established membership requirement and whose form and function are generally acknowledged. An organization's membership requirements may be based on inherited or earned traits. Organizations exist because they provide a setting in which members with similar traits can meet their physical and their socioemotional needs. As the relative importance...
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Do investments in public spaces generate social capital? Evidence for Mexico
The formation of social capital is critical for developing countries. This paper investigates the effects of attempts to recover public spaces in marginalized areas of Mexico. The effects are estimated through balancing in the propensity scores. We focus on the results of perception of safety, support and social capital. When efforts are made to recover public spaces, the perception of safety...
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Book review. Violence and social orders: a conceptual framework for interpreting recorded human history, by Douglas C. North, John Joseph Wallis, and Barry R. Weingast
Why societies differ in their level of violence? This is the question addressed by North, Wallis, and Weingast. To provide an answer they must develop a rich theory of how individuals and organizations that compose a human group voluntarily surrender their will to act violently in exchange for participating in a society with improved conditions for the creation and conservation of wealth.
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Crime and labor market, choice under uncertainty model and an application for colombian cities
Este trabajo ofrece un modelo para determinar la función de oferta del crimen con base en la teoría de la elección en condiciones de incertidumbre. Con base en el problema de un agente que maximiza su utilidad sujeto a las restricciones del mercado legal e ilegal, este estudio intenta explicar la oferta de la delincuencia como función de la distribución de los salarios y el equivalente cierto de...
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Economic and socio-demographic determinants of crime in Uruguay
This study estimates a panel data model to analyze the economic and socio-demographic determinants of crime in Uruguay across the 19 Uruguayan departments in the period 1986-2006.
This research has two components: i) to present a systematic analysis of the Uruguayan crime data and socio-economic and demographic characteristics of the population, and ii) to evaluate the empirical significance...
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Different worlds, common roots a multilevel analysis of youth violence and delinquency in the netherlands antilles as a basis for crime prevention
Most research on the prevalence, determinants, and variations of violence and delinquency among youngsters is conducted in Western societies. This multilevel study is set in the Netherlands Antilles (NA) and aims to build up prognostic multilevel models as a basis for targeted crime prevention in a non-western area. Data were collected from a sample of adolescente in the NA. Non-hierarchical and...
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Is international migration a substitute for social security
The focus on short-term macroeconomic factors, including unemployment and wages, is insufficient to explain international migration. Institutional factors, bound to change only in the long run, can potentially have a large impact on migration flows. To illustrate this, we analyze Mexico-U.S. migration focusing on social security coverage, an important indicator of job formality. Using...
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Introduction (On the studies presented at the International Conference on "Delinquency and Violence in Latin America and the Caribbean")
Crime has become the leading concern for citizens of the region and has been pushed to the forefront of the international policy agenda; what is more, the combination of very few success stories and abundant failures in curbing crime and violence has underscored how thin our understanding is and the difficulty of designing and implementing an effective strategy at the local level. This issue...
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Relationship between social capital and health indicators in Mexico
This study analyzes the relationship between social capital types and access to health services in Mexico. To this end, access to healthcare data from the 2006 ENCASU and 2011 ENCAS was validated using 2006 and 2012 ENSANU results. Indicators were found to be consistent. A statistical analysis of the distribution of social capital and health indicators by region, as well as by rural or urban area...
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