Despite a decade-long bull market between the financial crisis and the COVID-19 recession, state defined benefit pension plans had accrued more than $1.37 trillion in unfunded liabilities. However, little work has investigated the actuarial sources of these unfunded liabilities. This paper uses original data hand collected from publicly available financial reports between 2000 and 2020 for 145...
Our study investigates the influence of the Korean National Pension Fund's equity ownership on voting premiums, revealing a statistically significant reduction. In particular, we establish the liquidity pathway as the primary factor among the three channels previously suggested in the literature. Analysis of the COVID-19 era and the VKospi index underscores this predominance. These findings enrich...
We test the effectiveness of an online interactive pension dashboard in improving pension funds participants' ability to make adequate pension decisions in terms of pension preparation, knowledge, self-efficacy, expectations, and intention-to-act. In a randomized survey experiment, treated participants of two pension funds receive an encouragement to visit an online pension dashboard. Treated...
Motivación. Existe una elevada disparidad en la ratio de gasto en pensiones y PIB en los países europeos. Este artículo estudia el tamaño del sistema de pensiones español en relación con el resto de los sistemas de la UE y analiza los determinantes que explican las diferencias observadas. Ideas principales. • En 2019, el gasto en pensiones en España, en relación con el tamaño de su economía, fue...
Este artículo estima el rendimiento financiero que proveería el sistema de pensiones español para una muestra de altas de jubilación del año 2017, calculado a partir de la Muestra Continua de Vidas Laborales. Los resultados señalan que el rendimiento real medio anual —entendido como el factor de descuento que iguala el valor presente de las cotizaciones durante la vida laboral y el de la pensión...
En este artículo se analizan las tendencias recientes en la edad media de jubilación a la luz de la reforma de 2011 y de las distintas modalidades de acceso a la jubilación. El análisis arroja los siguientes resultados. En primer lugar, la edad efectiva de jubilación ha tendido a aumentar en los últimos años como resultado del incremento neto de la edad de jubilación dentro de cada modalidad de...
This paper develops a general equilibrium life-cycle model with endogenous retirement that focuses on the interplay between old-age pensions (OAP) and disability pensions (DP) in Germany. Germany has introduced a phased-in increase of the normal retirement age from age 65 to 67 (Reform 2007) and closed off other routes to early OAP retirement. This reform was followed by a phased-in expansion of...
As the heterogeneity in life expectancy by socioeconomic status increases, many pension systems imply a wealth transfer from short- to long-lived individuals. Various pension reforms aim to reduce inequalities that are caused by ex-ante differences in life expectancy. However, these pension reforms may induce redistribution effects. We introduce a dynamic general equilibrium-overlapping...
A comparison of the performances of pension products that ignores long-term trends might significantly overestimate the long-term impact of volatility risks while underestimating the impact of persistent, low-frequency trends. This paper proposes a comparison making use of projection models based on the long-term risk–return tradeoff proposed by Campbell and Viceira (2005) to explicitly take into...
At the onset of the Covid-19 crisis, and with one of the largest and best-funded defined contribution programs in Latin America, Chile held over USD $200 bn in assets (or more than 80% of GDP). Reacting to populist pressures during the pandemic, however, the Congress gave non-retired participants three separate opportunities to tap into their retirement accounts, leaving some 4.2 million...
