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Las reformas incompletas de salud en América Latina: algunos elementos de su economía política
Este trabajo parte del principio de que solamente algunas de las reformas de salud implementadas en los países de América Latina cambiaron los sistemas de salud al punto de estructurar la fragmentación institucional que caracteriza el sector. Buena parte de ellas no contó con elementos que pudiesen reducir la falta de coordinación entre los sistemas de salud en el modelo de pluralismo vigente y,...
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Reseña del informe sobre la salud en el mundo 2010. La financiación de los sistemas de salud
El documento presentado por la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) en Febrero de 2011 expone una serie de propuestas para motivar a los países miembros a lograr la cobertura universal en salud. Estas propuestas se presentan de manera extensa y basándose tanto en estadísticas mundiales como en estudios de caso.
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Incomplete health reforms in Latin America: some findings on their political economy
This paper raises the point that only few health reforms implemented in Latin American countries modified the existing health systems in order to fix the problems brought by the institutional fragmentation typical of this sector. A great part of these reforms did not implemented the necessary measures to improve coordination among health systems in the prevailing pluralistic model and besides,...
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Family health expanditure and demand: an analysis based on the consumer expenditure survey - POF - 2002/2003
This paper aims at analyzing healthcare expenditure and demand of families, by estimating income-elasticity and price-elasticity for ten groups of products using the so-called model Linear Almost Ideal Demand System (LAIDS). The 2002/03 consumer expenditure surveys (POF) of the Fundação Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística – FIBGE (Brazilian census bureau) are used, providing extremely...
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Catastrophic expenditure in health and income elasticities by item of expenditure in health services in Mexico
The objective of this article is to put in economic perspective the expenditure in health within the pattern of family expenditure of the Mexican households. Information of the National Survey on Income Expenditure of Households (ENIGH) of Mexico of 2004 is analyzed on: structure of the expenditure of the households, expenditure in health and income-expenditure elasticities in health; by...
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Democracy and universality: debating the conditions of applying such concepts to Brazil's public health actions and services
This paper reviews the determinants and conditionalities of the process of universalizing public health in developed countries, notably the European ones, and in Brazil, and is aimed at highlighting their differences. The first part discloses the main interpretations on the constructing of the Welfare State, emphasizing the characteristics of that historical moment and its articulation with...
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Health policies and economic blocks
This paper analyzes the roles of health goods and services markets within the regional integration process. It is a known fact that the consolidation of integrated markets is slower regarding social goods and services (as health and education) than among other goods and services (e.g. durable consumption goods). The paper discusses the nature of the health sector and its global dimension, showing...
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Health sector reform in Latin America and the Caribbean: the role of international organisations in formulating agendas and implementing policies
This article examines health sector reforms in Latin America and the Caribbean to discuss the ideological, theoretical, and conceptual elements that inform the reform agenda and the models put forward for attaining greater equity in the region’s countries. Its starting assumption is that the relevant literature generally neglects the economic, social, and political aspects underlying the...
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Unemployment insurance in Chile: a new model of income support for unemployed workers
This paper describes the Chilean experience concerning the implementation of a new unemployment insurance (UI) program. The use of individual savings accounts and private management are essential elements. In addition, a redistributive fund (Common Fund) helps workers pool risks, distributing resources from employed to unemployed workers and from stable firms to workers with low incomes and...
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Review of the 2010 World Health Report. Health system financing
The document that was presented by the World Health Organization (WHO) in February 2011 sets forth a series of proposals to encourage member countries to achieve universal health coverage. These proposals are presented in detail and are based both on world statistics and case
studies.
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